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SNAP-8 Peptide

SNAP-8, or Synaptosomal-associated protein 8, is a synthetic octapeptide believed to mimic certain functionalities of its larger counterpart, SNAP-25, a protein deemed integral to neurotransmitter release and muscle contraction.^[1] Constructed from eight amino acids, SNAP-8’s structure is designed with specific modifications: an acetylated N-terminus and an amidated C-terminus, culminating in the sequence Ac-Glu-Glu-Met-Gln-Arg-Arg-Ala-Asp-NH2. It is structurally similar to another peptide known as acetyl hexapeptide-3, which also reportedly mimics a fragment of SNAP-25 and inhibits its function, leading to similar anti-wrinkle potential. By adding two amino acids to the chain of acetyl hexapeptide-3, the resultant acetyl octapeptide further enriches the field of research compounds studying cell aging and skin cell rejuvenation.^[2]

The synthesis and manufacturing of SNAP-8 comprises a final freeze-drying step called lyophilization. Generally, the crystalline powder obtained due to freeze-drying is in the form of a polymorphous compound. It may be present in aggregates and show variation in the crystal size. However, this does not appear to lead to any chemical discrepancy in its composition. Extensive experimental studies have supported the homogeneity of this compound. The usual shelf life of SNAP-8 is posited to be at least 12 months, provided the compound is stored in a clean, cool, and dry place. If the compound is intended to be stored longer than a year, the temperature should be maintained at 4 degrees Celsius. This may extend the shelf life to approximately 18 months. Refrigeration of the SNAP-8 may potentially lead to its precipitation; however, this doesn’t appear to change the integrity of the compound.

Specifications

OTHER KNOWN TITLES: Acetyl Glutamyl Heptapeptide-3

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C₄₁H₇₀N₁₆O₆S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 1075.16 g/mol

SEQUENCE: Ac-Glu-Glu-Met-Gln-Arg-Arg-Ala-Asp-NH2

SNAP-8 Research

SNAP-8 and Mechanisms of Action
SNAP-8 is posited to competitively bind with vesicle-associated membrane proteins, such as Synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1), which is considered to play a critical role in neurotransmission by acting as a calcium sensor. Research suggests that the interaction of SNAP-8 with the C2A–C2B interface of Syt1—regions of the protein crucial for calcium binding and membrane fusion—might potentially inhibit the proper function of Syt1. This inhibition might disrupt the assembly or stability of the Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) complex, which is deemed vital for the fusion of vesicles to the cell membrane and the subsequent release of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine.^[1] Theoretical models imply that SNAP-8’s interference may lead to reduced acetylcholine release, which in turn may decrease muscle contractions, thereby possibly reducing the formation and depth of wrinkles.

SNAP-8 and Wrinkle Depth
Research study has suggested SNAP-8 may exhibit reduction capacity in the depth of wrinkles along the skin surface due to a possible resistance to contraction of the muscles. As previously discussed, the study in question suggests that SNAP-8 may influence muscle contraction by emulating the function of SNAP-25 within the SNARE complex, acting as a competitive inhibitor. This emulation possibly leads to a modulated formation of the SNARE complex, potentially resulting in decreased muscle contractions. Consequently, there was reported to be an apparent reduction in glutamate release, which is posited to be inhibited by up to 43%. Regarding its acon skin topography, particularly in wrinkles, the data suggests that SNAP-8 might potentially reduce wrinkle depth. The maximum observed reduction in wrinkles reportedly reaches up to 62%, with an average reduction approximated at 35%..^[3] Furthermore, the researchers shared that “it is also worth to be remarked that in vitro assay highlighted an independent mechanism but synergistic effect between SNAP-8 and Leuphasyl, each one tested independently and resulting with 38% and 7% inhibition, respectively. In the trial, including both of them in equal concentrations (0.75 mM), a total inhibition value of 47% was observed.”

SNAP-8 and Botulinum Toxin
Botulinum toxin has been extensively studied and is commonly considered to restrict muscle contraction and thereby inhibit wrinkling. SNAP-8 appears to target the same wrinkle-forming mechanism via a different mechanism of action. Botulinum toxin is considered to attack and break SNAP-25. This may lead to muscle paralysis, inhibiting muscle contraction.^[4] SNAP-8 appears to capture the SNAP-25 protein, thereby destabilizing the SNARE complex. This is considered to lead to the inefficient release of neurotransmitters responsible for muscle contraction.^[5] According to the researchers the peptide may potentially act by “preventing neuromuscular signal propagation, thereby eliminating wrinkles caused by over-stimulated neurons.”

SNAP-8 and Hydration, Anti-Oxidation
Like other comparable peptides, SNAP-8 appears to possess water-binding capacity.^[6] Therefore, it may help the extracellular matrix of skin retain moisture. Alongside its possible hydration retaining characteristics, the peptide has been observed to exert protective impact against reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species or free radicals are considered to have a major degenerative action on skin cells.